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Content of toxic and esential elements in bio foodstuffs and their comparing with ordinary foodstuffs
Kohoutková, Nina ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this study is to determine the content of toxic and essentials elements in samples of nuts and seeds produced by ecologic agriculture and to compare results with nuts and seeds from conventional agriculture production. These nuts and seeds can be bought in the Czech market (except bio pine nuts, bio pecan nuts and bio pistachios). The amount of elements was analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after previous digestion of samples using microwaves. This study summarizes the main physiological functions of toxic and essentials elements. Results were also compared with another studies. It does not results from all measured amounts of all essential elements, that bio nuts and seeds have higher amounts of these elements; however, all amounts of toxic elements in bio nuts and seeds are lower than in the no-bio ones. For more precise results it would be necessary to measure more samples.
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Microbial contamination of raw food and cereal products
VENGLOVIČOVÁ, Kristýna
Plasma has been increasingly used in recent years due to its lethal effect on microorganisms. Foods treated in this way are not a risk to humans in terms of chemical substance. The literature search is focused on raw foods. Description of pathogenic microorganisms frequently occurring on seeds and methods of disposal feasible in accordance with the rules of the raw diet. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the effect of low-temperature plasma on seeds. Seed groups were exposed to plasma for 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 minutes. Seeds of mung beans, broccoli, watercress, radish and barley were treated with the plasma generated in the vacuum chamber. First of all was evaluated the inhibitory effect of plasma treatment on microorganisms occurring on seeds. Furthermore was monitored the impact on the growth of sprouts and roots. Could not be demonstrated the inhibitory effect of plasma on microorganisms present on seeds. The treated seeds compared to the untreated control group were contaminated with a similar amount of microorganisms. The effect on seed development was different for each species.
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The influence of external factors on the growth of selected species of genus \kur{Digitaria}
PAUROVÁ, Natálie
Fonio is native to West Africa and is one of the world's oldest grains. It is a great source of vitamins, minerals, fiber and sulfur amino acids - methionine and cysteine. The aim of the work was to determine the optimal conditions for germination and seed growth of a selected representative of the genus Digitaria in laboratory and field conditions, and to evaluate the possibility of cultivation in the Czech Republic. Under the laboratory conditions were evaluated the effect of drought, salinity,presence of aluminium, waterlogging, light intensity, and storage temperature on seed germination of fonio. Furthermore, laboratory emergence of plants in different substrates and from different sowing depths was also evaluated and a field experiment was performed with different sowing dates. The most suitable temperature for germination of fonio seeds is 30 ° C in the dark. Fonio seeds were resistant to salinity to a concentration of 200 mM sodium chloride. The presence of aluminum had no significant effect on germination. Fonio exhibits very good resistance to waterlogging. Seed germination of fonio was not affected by drought stress up to a PEG solution concentration of 15%. Germination was not reduced by storing the seeds at 21°C for 3 months. The germination of fonio seeds was not significantly affected by the type of substrate or the sowing depth.
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Decisions in seed reproduction in plants
Mašková, Tereza
Seed reproduction is a key part of the life cycle of the most plant species. It allows for the dispersal of species in space and time and, thus, significantly affects dynamics of plant populations and communities. Seed formation, germination and seedling establishment are subjected to selection pressures from the environment and lead to optimization of maternal investments (maternal care), manifested by the number of seeds and amount and composition of nutrients stored in individual seeds. The thesis aims to answer two questions: (i) whether maternal investments in terms of seed mass and seed nutrient stoichiometry is optimized according to the environmental conditions in which seedling development is expected and (ii) how nutrient availability, considering nutrients both stored in the seed by the mother plant and those available in the substrate, affects seedling growth and development. To answer the first question, we focused on interspecific comparisons of seed nutrient stoichiometry linking it with data on seed mass and species niche along gradients of nu- trient availability. We used a phylogenetically informed comparative approach to explore the ratio between phosphorus, nitrogen and nonstructural carbon in seeds from 510 wild herbaceous species. We analyzed seed nutrient stoichiometry with...
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Decisions in seed reproduction in plants
Mašková, Tereza
Seed reproduction is a key part of the life cycle of the most plant species. It allows for the dispersal of species in space and time and, thus, significantly affects dynamics of plant populations and communities. Seed formation, germination and seedling establishment are subjected to selection pressures from the environment and lead to optimization of maternal investments (maternal care), manifested by the number of seeds and amount and composition of nutrients stored in individual seeds. The thesis aims to answer two questions: (i) whether maternal investments in terms of seed mass and seed nutrient stoichiometry is optimized according to the environmental conditions in which seedling development is expected and (ii) how nutrient availability, considering nutrients both stored in the seed by the mother plant and those available in the substrate, affects seedling growth and development. To answer the first question, we focused on interspecific comparisons of seed nutrient stoichiometry linking it with data on seed mass and species niche along gradients of nu- trient availability. We used a phylogenetically informed comparative approach to explore the ratio between phosphorus, nitrogen and nonstructural carbon in seeds from 510 wild herbaceous species. We analyzed seed nutrient stoichiometry with...
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Decisions in seed reproduction in plants
Mašková, Tereza ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Thompson, Ken (referee) ; Těšitel, Jakub (referee)
Seed reproduction is a key part of the life cycle of the most plant species. It allows for the dispersal of species in space and time and, thus, significantly affects dynamics of plant populations and communities. Seed formation, germination and seedling establishment are subjected to selection pressures from the environment and lead to optimization of maternal investments (maternal care), manifested by the number of seeds and amount and composition of nutrients stored in individual seeds. The thesis aims to answer two questions: (i) whether maternal investments in terms of seed mass and seed nutrient stoichiometry is optimized according to the environmental conditions in which seedling development is expected and (ii) how nutrient availability, considering nutrients both stored in the seed by the mother plant and those available in the substrate, affects seedling growth and development. To answer the first question, we focused on interspecific comparisons of seed nutrient stoichiometry linking it with data on seed mass and species niche along gradients of nu- trient availability. We used a phylogenetically informed comparative approach to explore the ratio between phosphorus, nitrogen and nonstructural carbon in seeds from 510 wild herbaceous species. We analyzed seed nutrient stoichiometry with...
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Study of the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in higher plants
Škrletová, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31; PEPC) is one of the carbon dioxide- fixing enzymes, which yields oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate. Regulation of PEPC activity occurs at many levels. In addition to pH and concentration of activators and inhibitors, it is phosphorylation as well. Phosphorylation of PEPC causes a change of kinetic parameters, such as maximal reaction rate, sensitivity to activation or inhibition. Considering that, there is still little information like this about C3 plants and that regulation is in various plant species different, I have dealt with monitoring of the kinetic parameters and regulation possibilities of PEPC isolated from C3 plant sources (Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris). While the activity of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L. was decreased by alkaline phosphatase, the activity of PEPC from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris was not affected by alkaline phosphatase. The affinity of PEPC from seeds Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris to the substrate PEP was higher than in the case of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L.. For PEPC from Cannabis sativa L. was found that the apparent dephosphorylation leads to decrease of sensitivity to the...
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Biology, seed characteristics and growth establishment of comfrey (\kur{Symphytum officinale }L.)
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Jaroslava
The thesis titled "Biology, seed characteristics and growth establishment of common comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.)" dealt with the evaluation methods of reproduction comfrey and evaluation of the impact of environmental conditions to the grow of comfrey. Further it dealt with germination tests and their statistical evaluation while respecting the specific work with seeds. They were evaluated seed characteristics, which are reflected in the growth of these plants arising both in soil and in a laboratory environment. Literary part gave information about biology, characteristics, morphology, prevention and regulation of comfrey even more its cultivation, nutrition of the grassland and seed characteristics, germination and dormancy. In the final section of work was monitored coverage, botanical images, representation of herbaceous species growing near comfrey. The study also discussed vernalization, size of comfrey leaves, growth and development depending on the content of nutrients (soil fertility) and water in the soil and on the number of cuts to its growth. There were designed a suitable ways of reproduction and growing of comfrey.
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Content of toxic and esential elements in bio foodstuffs and their comparing with ordinary foodstuffs
Kohoutková, Nina ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this study is to determine the content of toxic and essentials elements in samples of nuts and seeds produced by ecologic agriculture and to compare results with nuts and seeds from conventional agriculture production. These nuts and seeds can be bought in the Czech market (except bio pine nuts, bio pecan nuts and bio pistachios). The amount of elements was analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after previous digestion of samples using microwaves. This study summarizes the main physiological functions of toxic and essentials elements. Results were also compared with another studies. It does not results from all measured amounts of all essential elements, that bio nuts and seeds have higher amounts of these elements; however, all amounts of toxic elements in bio nuts and seeds are lower than in the no-bio ones. For more precise results it would be necessary to measure more samples.
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